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Street, Dresden 1908 |
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Two Women on the Street 1918 |
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Frauen auf der Strasse 1915 |
Out of the naturalistic surface with all its variations I wanted to derive the pictorially determined surface.
Born from movement
One of the loneliest times of my life during which an agonizing restlessness drove me out onto the streets day and night.
- Kirchner
desperate, graphic, hungry
upward angles, looming figures
furious energy
In 1905, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), Fritz Bleyl and two
students named Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Erich Heckel founded the art
group called “The Bridge”. The choice in naming was an interesting
notion for an avant garde movement whose official motto was "…freedom in
our work and in our lives, independence from older, established
forces…” because the “bridge” represented a link between the art of the
past and the art of the future. They maintained a deep respect for the
early traditions of Durer and Cranach, while forging the essentials of
what would become one of the great movements in the 20th century—German
Expressionism.
Kirchner was a leading painter of the expressionist
movement and the forms and techniques seen in this remarkable collection
comprise some of his greatest work with the female body. He twists
this concept by turning most of these women into prostitutes on the
streets of Berlin, but these paintings represent the darkest period in
Kirchner’s life and perhaps an ominous prologue to the violence and
anxiety of Germany on the brink of war.
The most obvious traits of Kircherner’s work at this time is the
violence of his brush and pen strokes. This is not the same madness of a
Dekooning, in that the faces and bodies are rarely deconstructed, but
the chins taper into points, the women’s collars soar in giant arches,
their necklines hang like daggers and the muted and the anonymous faces
of black-suited men troll the backgrounds. There is an explosive
quality to the composition of these works which is inherent in the
brushstrokes and in the colors used. A canvas titled
Two women on the Street
unfolds from the center upward like a bomb going off. With their heads
thrown back, their teeth are bared in what could be laughter or a shriek
of terror. The blurred faces of men lined up in the background haunt
the edges of the canvas and show the desperate ugliness of the
men gathered on street corners. No one knows who these men are in
Kirchener’s paintings, but for me they represent the sickness of the
world and the emptiness found in pleasure at a time when the world was
on the brink of disaster.
Ironically, these images are no less
pertinent as reminders of the state of humanity in our own times. These
are terrifying and deeply psychological paintings. Much has been written
about these techniques, his hard lines, the jagged angles of the
brushstrokes, etc. and these deeply psychological paintings are a
reaction to his wandering the streets of Berlin at night, and a physical
manifestation in paint of what must have been a violent sense of
foreboding. The sexual element within this traumatic depiction of the
metropolis adds to the sense of pure perversion in the images. These
are paintings onto which a thousand messages and meaning can be
attached, the most obvious being the alienation and sexual violence of
Berlin before the war, the prostitutes as a symbol of the degeneration
of love, the plight of women, the rapaciousness of men, and so on. But
these are facile interpretations and can be reconstructed or destroyed
in countless ways. The purely aesthetic triumph of these pictures is
what is most interesting—the fact that Kirchner translated a visceral
reaction to his time in Berlin through his paintings, that he managed to
subvert the traditional depiction of the female form without betraying
his gift and traditions, that his work was revolutionary because he
found himself in a historical and personal moment which left no other
alternative—not because he felt that would bring him fame or money.
Art is the product of imaginative, unconventional, and sometimes
suffering minds. Our current obsessions with conceptualism and
consumerism, mass culture and fame, fall flat before these paintings
that speak to us of something far more crucial to the human condition. I
was struck by the durability of these images, as well as the honesty in
execution, something that I find increasingly lacking in contemporary
art.
Kirchner
may not be necessarily classically "good" but his immediate passion and
hunger- a desperation for portraying life- for giving
himself life through art is apparent.
Looking
at his works I feel the immense isolation and loneliness in his hands.
His desperation to feel something, to feel life, to feel anything.
I
just want to think, ha! so people come to this big city thinking that
they'll feel more, when in fact, the city will suck them dry, demoralize
them, turn them into apathetic, callous people. Numb. Was Kirchner searching, searching for something, anything to
make him feel more human? Haunting places seemingly alive with movement
in order to gain just a little life from them? What did he find? Did he
find it? Did he gain life?
No, he enlisted in the army and eventually committed suicide on June 15, 1938.